The GAC electronic speed control system is a closed-loop control system composed of GAC electronic speed regulators, actuators and speed sensors, which enables the diesel engine to operate stably at the set value.
1) GAC Electronic speed controller
The speed controller is a fully electronic device design that controls the rotational speed of the diesel engine with rapid and precise responses to instantaneous load changes. This is a closed-loop control. When connected to the matched electronic actuator and the magnetic speed sensor signal used, it can control the operation of the diesel engine.
The engine speed information of the speed controller is usually obtained from the magnetic speed sensor. Any other signal generating device may be used to provide alternating frequencies applicable to the engine speed and to meet the characteristics of voltage input and frequency range. Magnetic speed sensors are generally installed approximately close to the engine drive iron teeth, which are usually gear rings. The number of teeth on the gear ring passes through the signal generated by the magnetic speed sensor and matches the engine speed.
When the rotational speed signal is obtained by the controller, the signal is amplified and shaped through the internal circuit to supply an analog speed signal. If the speed sensor fails to detect the signal from the speed sensor, the output circuit of the speed controller will shut off all the current to the actuator.
When the engine is running, the actuator can be adjusted from the off position to the full fuel position. Once the engine starts, after the speed adjustment of the engine is completed, the engine will reach the working speed under its adjustment. To ideally adjust the engine speed, the actuator will provide sufficient current to maintain the ideal speed and independent load.
Functions and adjustment methods of each potentiometer in GAC electronic control:
1: STARTING FUEL starting fuel supply volume: The smoke volume during starting can be adjusted. Turning the fuel supply volume clockwise increases the smoke intensity, but the starting is smooth. Conversely, when the smoke intensity decreases, the starting effect is poor.
2: SPEED RAMPING Increase rate: That is, the increase rate from idle speed to full speed. The greater the increase rate, the shorter the time. Adjusting the increase rate clockwise decreases the time. Conversely, the time is shortened.
3: DROOP: The rate of decrease in the speed of the oil engine from no-load to load. The main purpose is to improve the operational performance when operating in parallel.
4: IDLN: Adjust the idle speed at idle position. Adjust the acceleration clockwise. Conversely, slow down.
5: SPEED: At full speed, adjust the rotational speed at full speed. Adjust the acceleration clockwise. Conversely, slow down.
6: GAIN: Proportional gain
7: STABILITY: Degree of stability
When the oil engine is running unstably, adjust the engine: (First check whether the oil circuit is normal)
Turn the GAIN (proportional gain) clockwise to make the oil engine run unstable, then turn it counterclockwise until the operation is stable and then a little more.
2: Turn clockwise to stabilize the oil engine to make it run unstably, then turn counterclockwise until it runs stably and pass a little. Observe GAIN (proportional gain) and STABILITY (stability). Do not set the two potentiometers at a low position. If they are at a low position, please switch the C1 / C2 switches and repeat the above two steps to adjust until you are satisfied.
C1: Lead/lag circuit switch, usually in the ON position. If the governor is performing well but the actuator jumps rapidly, please switch to the OFF position.
C2: Residual frequency suppression circuit, usually in the OFF position. If the actuator swings abnormally due to soft engagement, please switch to the ON position. Differential time compensation: When the gain is small and the car is traveling fast, the jumper wire is cut (E1 – E2); if the car is traveling slowly, a capacitor is soldered to E2 (-) E3 (+), and the capacitor is 15V10-20mfd.
(2) Actuator (external type)
The actuator is a proportional coil that controls the throttle size by generating different deflection angles based on the current magnitude. The actuator plug connection wires are connected in series or parallel according to different voltages (12V / 24V).
(III) Rotational Speed Sensor
The rotational speed sensor is composed of a permanent magnet, a coil, a lead wire, etc., and is installed on the flywheel housing of the oil engine. When the oil engine rotates, the flywheel teeth cut the magnetic field of the speed sensor, and the coil induces a pulse potential. When one flywheel tooth passes through the speed sensor, the speed sensor senses a pulse potential. This pulse potential is input into the GAC electronic speed regulation system for processing and compared with the set value to control the current size of the actuator. The actuator then controls the speed of the oil engine.
Appendix: Performance of each parameter of the system
Working voltage: 12V/24VDC, input speed signal voltage: ≥ 3VA, resistance value 560/1KΩ. When the voltage is lower than 3VA, the installation position of the speed sensor can be adjusted. Actuator input voltage: Rate adjustment: Short K-L, adjustable from 1 to 5%. Speed fine-tuning range: ±200r/min
Note: Shielded wires must be used for the connections between each component to prevent interference from causing unstable system operation! When adjusting each potentiometer, it is necessary to pay attention to the original position and adjust it slowly.
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Post time: Apr-23-2025