(3) When the engine temperature exceeds 50℃, increase the throttle to let the engine run at the rated speed. At the same time, check the smoke color at each exhaust port and pay attention to listening to the sound of the cylinders. If black smoke comes out of a certain cylinder, it indicates that the fuel supply is too high. Taking the 135 series diesel engine, which is widely used in construction machinery, as an example, you can pull the fuel injection pump adjustment gear rod towards the fuel stop direction, loosen the locking screw on the adjustment gear, insert a thin iron rod into the small hole of the fuel quantity control sleeve, and gently tap it with a hammer to turn it to the right. This can reduce the fuel supply, and vice versa, increase it. When there is a crisp knocking sound in a certain cylinder and it is difficult to start, it indicates that the fuel supply has started too early. If the temperature of a certain cylinder is too high or even flames are sprayed out, it might be that the fuel supply started too late. For instance, in the 135 series diesel engines, the adjustment of the fuel supply start time for each cylinder is determined by the position of the fuel pump plunger. When the fuel supply starts too late, the timing adjustment nut and screw should be unscrewed a little. If the fuel supply starts too early, tighten this screw a little.
(4) Check the fuel supply advance Angle
Generally, the fuel supply advance Angle can be checked by the fuel overflow method. That is, loosen the high-pressure fuel pipe joint at one end of the fuel pump, remove the joint at the end connected to the fuel injector, turn the fuel pipe to a horizontal position, then tighten the high-pressure fuel pipe joint of the fuel pump, pull the throttle to the rated position, and turn on the decompression and rocking until a few drops of diesel come out of the high-pressure fuel pipe outlet. Wipe the diesel off the oil pipe outlet and then slowly turn the flywheel. At the same time, pay close attention to the oil level at the outlet of the high-pressure oil pipe and immediately stop rotating the flywheel the moment it starts to move upward. At this point, the markings on the water tank or the body should be aligned between 16 and 20 degrees in front of the top dead center of the flywheel. If oil overflows before the two are aligned, it indicates that the fuel supply advance Angle is too large and the fuel supply is too early. If oil overflows only after exceeding the limit, it indicates that the fuel supply advance Angle is too small and the fuel supply is too late.
It is worth noting that for multi-cylinder diesel engines, a dedicated glass tube and pointer need to be installed to measure the arc length between the two marks on the fan pulley of the first cylinder at the top dead center of compression and when fuel supply begins, in order to determine whether the fuel supply advance Angle is correct. At the same time, it is necessary to check whether the oil supply intervals of each individual pump are the same. If they are different, the gap between the plunger and the tantler or the thickness of the gasket between the oil pump and the body can be adjusted to make the oil supply intervals consistent.
When the fuel supply advance Angle is too small or too large, it needs to be adjusted. The adjustment methods for the fuel supply advance Angle vary among different models. The new 195 and 190 diesel engines adjust the fuel supply advance Angle by adding or removing the copper gasket between the fuel injection pump and the engine block. Adding gaskets will delay the fuel supply time, while adding them will advance it. For the 190-1 and 1105 diesel engines, the fuel supply advance Angle is adjusted by adjusting the adjusting screw on the fuel injection pump follower column. Turning the screw inward (outward) will delay (or delay) the fuel supply time. The 4115 diesel engine changes the fuel supply advance Angle by adjusting the relative position of the splined contact plate and the transmission gear of the fuel injection pump. When the splined contact plate and the splined shaft sleeve of the fuel injection pump are turned clockwise by one hole, the fuel supply advance Angle increases by 3°, making the fuel supply earlier. Conversely, when they are turned counterclockwise by one hole, the fuel supply advance Angle decreases by 3°, making the fuel supply time later.
After the above initial adjustment, check whether the exhaust temperatures of each cylinder are consistent. If the engine still cannot be restored to normal operation, measure whether the cylinder pressure is within the allowable range. If necessary, replace the piston rings or grind the valves, and check the atomization condition of the fuel injectors and whether the opening pressure is normal.
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Post time: Jul-11-2025