1. Structure
The synchronous generator is mainly composed of the stator, rotor and other components. The stator part includes the stator core, stator winding, and frame; the rotor part includes the rotor core, excitation winding and slip rings (for the hidden-pole rotor, there are also sleeve and heart ring; for the pole rotor， there are magnetic poles， magnetic yoke， and rotor support)； other components include brush device， end cover， bearing and fan， etc.
2. Working principle
The synchronous generator operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion of the rotor magnetic field and the stator winding. When the rotor is driven by an external force and the rotor magnetic field and the stator conductors move relative to each other， that is， the conductors cut the magnetic force lines， an induced electromotive force is generated in the conductors， and its direction can be determined according to the right-hand rule. Due to the position of the rotor magnetic poles， the conductors cut the magnetic force lines perpendicularly， so the induced electromotive force in the stator winding is at its rated value at this time. When the magnetic poles rotate by 90 degrees， the magnetic poles become horizontal， and the conductors do not cut the magnetic force lines， and the induced electromotive force is zero. The rotor rotates another 90 degrees， and the stator winding cuts the magnetic force lines perpendicularly again in the vertical direction， causing the induced electromotive force to reach the rated value， but in the opposite direction. When the rotor rotates another 90 degrees， the induced electromotive force becomes zero again. Thus， after the rotor rotates one full circle， the induced electromotive force in the stator winding also undergoes positive and negative changes. If the rotor rotates continuously at a constant speed， a periodic and constantly changing alternating electromotive force is induced in the stator winding.
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Post time: Jan-07-2026